Myrmicinae:
Solenopsis molesta, Crematogaster, C. hespera, C. mormonum, Monomorium ergatogyna, Myrmica punctinops, Stenamma punctatoventre, S. cf. snellingi, Temnothorax andrei, T. nevadensis.

A queen ant (called a gyne) is an adult, reproducing female ant in an ant colony. Generally she will be the mother of all the other ants in that colony. Some female ants, such as the genus Cataglyphis, do not need to mate to produce offspring, reproducing through asexual parthenogenesis or cloning, and all of those offspring will be female. Others, like those in the genus Crematogaster, mate in a nuptial flight. Queen offspring ants develop from larvae fed a special diet in order to become sexually mature among most species. Depending on the species, there can be either a single mother queen, or potentially hundreds of fertile queens in some species. A queen of Lasius niger was held in captivity by German entomologist Hermann Appel for over 28 years. Pogonomyrmex owyheei has a maximum estimated longevity of 30 years in the field.

A gamergate is a mated worker ant that can reproduce sexually, i.e., lay fertilized eggs that will develop as females. Gamergates are restricted to taxa where the workers have a functional sperm reservoir (spermatheca). In various species, gamergates reproduce in addition to winged queens (usually upon the death of the original foundress), while in other species the queen caste has been completely replaced by gamergates. In gamergate species, all workers in a colony have similar reproductive potentials, but as a result of physical interactions, a dominance hierarchy is formed and only one or a few top-ranking workers can mate (usually with foreign males) and produce eggs.

Cerapachys biroi belongs to the subfamily Dorylinae (Ecitoninae) that includes the army ants (Dorylus). Although ony 2 mm in length, C. biroi raids the nests of other ant species to feed on the brood. In fact, it is called the "clonal raider ant." It has no queen. Its life cycle includes a foraging phase and a reproductive phase where it lays unfertilized diploid eggs that typically develop into more females. The rare occurrence of haploid males indicates that it has not lost the potential for sex.