• Cecropia Trees & Their Symbiotic Azteca Ant Colonies

• Photos Of Alkaloid-Producing Plants
• Poison Dart Frogs Of South American Rain Forest
• See Alkaloid Structure: An Animated .GIF

• Bogus Amber: Polymer Beads From Africa & Central American Copal
• West Indian Locust (Hymenaea courbaril): Source Of Modern Copal

• An Amorphophallus Growing At Wayne's Word

• Evolution of Microsoft vs. Natural Selection Of Antlions

• An Introduction To Ants
• Ants1: Argentine Ants
• Ants 2: Argentine Ants & Genetic Variability
• Ants 3: Harvester Ants & Dyeweed
• Ants 4: Harvester Ants & Pilostyles

• Ants Of Borrego Valley & Anza-Borrego State Park
• Ants Of Daley Ranch, Escondido, CA
• Ants Of The Merriam Mtns, San Marcos, CA
• Ants Of Owens Peak, San Marcos, CA
• Ants Of Palomar Mt., San Diego County
• Ants Of Twin Oaks Valley, San Marcos, CA
• Ants Under Power Lines in Fontana, CA
• Ants From Other Regions By Pilot Captain Zach
• Ants From Other Regions By Antlady Stephanie

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• Southern California Trail Guides by Tom Chester
• San Diego County Plant Checklists For Botany 110
• Endangered Vernal Pools of San Diego County
• Jepson Manual Data Base & Other Information
• Find Latitude & Longitude, Top Maps & Conversions

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• Cyanobacteria Living Inside A Crustose Pacific Northwest Lichen
• Cyanobacteria Living Inside The Coralloid Roots Of Cycads
• Cyanobacteria (Anabaena) Living Inside The Water Fern (Azolla)

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• Dispersal Anachronisms: Dispersal Of Large Fruits By Large Extinct Mammals
• Dispersal Of Seeds & Fruits: See Drift Seeds, Hitchhikers & Wind Dispersal
• Dispersal Of Seeds With Elaiosomes By Ants (Myrmecochory)
• Dispersal--Mechanical Dispersal Of Seeds By Creeping Woodsorrel
• Dispersal--Mechanical Dispersal: Exploding Pods Of The Sandbox Tree

• A Nice Assortment Of Tropical Drift Fruits & Seeds
• Dispersal Of The Coconut & Coconut Crab
• Mary's Bean: Fabulous Drift Seed Of The New World Tropics
• Nickernuts (Caesalpinia bonduc & C. major)
• Prioria copaifera: Costa Rican Tree With Amazing Drift Fruits
• Sea Beans (Mucuna): A Liana Pollinated By Bats
• Sea Hearts (Entada gigas): Giant Liana Of The Rain Forest

• Complete List Of All North American Species
• Flow Chart Dichotomous Key To Lemnaceae In California
• Images Of All North American Species
• Index & Keys To The Genera Of Lemnaceae
• Smallest Flowering Plant In The World
• Smallest Fruit In The World
• Weird Duckweeds From Far Away Lands
• World's Smallest Flowering Plant Compared With Bacterium

E		Back To Alphabet Table

• Adaptive Radiation On The Hawaiian Islands
• Comparison Between Plant & Animal Cells
• Convergent & Parallel Evolution (Homoplasy)
• Evolution & The Origin Of Life Controversy
• Evolution Of Dioecious Fig Species
• Evolution of Humans: Origin Of Clothing & Body Lice
• Lichens & The Evolution Of Land Plants
• Symbiogenesis & The Endosymbiont Hypothesis
• Symbiogenesis & The Origin Of A Protonucleus From A Virus

F		Back To Alphabet Table

• Lightning: Primary Cause Of Natural Forest Fires
• Paradise Fire Of Northern San Diego County 2003
• Witch Creek Fire (Ramona To Coast) 22 Oct. 2007
• Witch Creek Post-Burn Wildflowers: Part 1
• Witch Creek Post-Burn Wildflowers: Part 2
• Witch Creek Post-Burn Wildflowers: Part 3

• Bot Flies That Bore Into Your Skin
• Sucking Lice That Live In Your Hair

G		Back To Alphabet Table

• Galls: California's Amazing Jumping Galls
• Galls: Desert Trumpet Inflated Stems?
• Galls: Fasciated Stems (Malformed Stems)
• Gall Flowers: Fig & Fig Wasp
• Galls: Strange & Unique Growths On Plants

• Basic Structure & Function Of DNA & RNA
• Gender Verification In The Olympics
• Genetic Corn Grain Inheritance In Biology 100 Lab
• Genetic Drift & Selection In California Cypress (Cupressus)
• Genetic Drift: Blood Type Frequencies In Populations.
• Genetic Drift: Demonstration In The Biology Classroom.
• Genetic Drift: Founder Effect In Cockleburs & People.
• Genetic Drift: Population Bottlenecks
• Genetics Extra Credit Problems For Biology 100 Students
• Genetics Questions Hints For Botany 115 Exam #3
• Hybridization: Interesting Plant Hybrids In San Diego County
• Photographs & Genetics Of Some Cereal Grasses
• Polygenic Inheritance Examples For Biology 100 Lab

• Fruits: Squash, Melons & Cucumbers; Teasel & Hedgehog Gourds
• Lagenaria Snake Gourd Made By Elaine Armstrong
• Volunteer Spaghetti Squash Growing At Wayne's Word
• Winged Gourd Seed That Inspired Early Aircraft Design

• Bamboo: A Remarkable Giant Grass
• Bamboo Growth Compared With Herbaceous Grass
• Grains (1): Photos & Genetics Of Cereal Grasses
• Grains (2): Job's Tears & Corn (Maize)
• Wind Dispersal Of Grasses (1)
• Wind Dispersal Of Grasses (2)

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J		Back To Alphabet Table

• Amber: Nature's Transparent Tomb
• Botanical Jewelry: Necklaces & Bracelets Made From Plants
• Canna indica (Indian Shot): Seeds Shot From Guns?
• Circassian Seeds (Magical Beans From India)
• Coconut Pearl: An Alleged Stone Inside Coconuts
• Job's Tears: Nature's Perfect Bead
• Mary's Bean (Fabulous Drift Seed Of The New World Tropics)
• Nickernuts (Caesalpinia bonduc & C. major)
• Sea Beans (Mucuna): A Liana Pollinated By Bats
• Sea Hearts (World's Longest Bean Pod & Remarkable Drift Seed)
• Vegetable Ivory: From The Tropical Ivory-Nut Palm

K		Back To Alphabet Table

L		Back To Alphabet Table

• Complete List Of All Known Species Worldwide
• Complete List Of Western North American Species
• ID Of Dried Duckweeds On Herbarium Sheets
• Images Of All North American Species
• Index & Keys To The Genera Of Lemnaceae
• Smallest Flowering Plant In The World
• Smallest Fruit In The World
• Weird Duckweeds From Far Away Lands

• Precambrian Ediacaran Fossils: Were Some Of These Lichens?

• Buellia pullata In The Palomar College Arboretum
• Lichens & The Evolution Of Land Plants (Ediacaran Biota)
• Lichens & The Evolution Of Life (Symbiogenesis)
• Lichen Crust On Rocks & Desert Varnish
• Lichens: Crustose Lichens On Rocks & Boulders.
• Lichens: Crustose Lichens On Soil & Bark
• Lichens: Crustose & Umbilicate Lichens Of The Rocky Mts.
• Lichens: Fruticose & Foliose Lichens On Soil & Bark
• Lichens: Reproduction By Isidia & Soredia
• Lichens: Striking Fruticose Soil Lichens In Florida
• Lichens Used For Textile Dyes & Perfumes

• Images Of Lightning, Lightning Strike & Thunderheads
• A Hollow, Overhead, High Voltage Transmission Cable

M		Back To Alphabet Table

• Gigasiphon: A Rare African Tree With Seeds That Resemble Sea Beans

N		Back To Alphabet Table

• Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria In Root Nodules Of Legumes
• Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria In Coralloid Roots Of Cycads
• Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria In Water Fern (Azolla)

O		Back To Alphabet Table

P		Back To Alphabet Table

• Palomar College Arboretum Images 1 (Palms)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 2 (Bamboos)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 3 Agaves)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 4 (Conifers)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 5 (Legumes)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 6 (Trees 1)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 6b (Trees 2)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 7 (Shrubs 1)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 7b (Shrubs 2)
• Palomar College Arboretum Images 8 (Wildflowers)
• Palomar College Arboretum Lichens

• False Penny Used As Size Relationship
• Penny Used In Random (50-50) Coin Flip

• Taxonomic Problem With Araucarioxylon arizonicum

• Strategies For Insuring Cross Pollination
• Bat-Pollinated Mucuna Lianas Of The Rain Forest
• Coral Trees (Erythrina) & Hummingbirds
• Deadly Datura (Jimsonweed) & Its Moth
• Fig & Symbiotic Fig Wasp Articles
• Milkweed Blossom (Asclepias): Family Asclepiadaceae
• Mimulus (Monkeyflower): Thigmotropic Stigma
• Stinking Flowers (Carrion Flowers) That Attract Flies
• Yucca & The Symbiotic Yucca Moth
• Contact Pollination In Ribbon-grass (Vallisneria)
• Contact Pollination In The Duckweed (Lemna gibba)
• Links To Waynes Word Articles About Pollination
• An Orchid Flower That Resembles An Insect

Q		Back To Alphabet Table

R		Back To Alphabet Table

S		Back To Alphabet Table

• Wild Sea Beans In The Hawaiian Islands

• An Amorphophallus Growing At Wayne's Word
• Flatulence & Why Carrion Flowers Stink
• Stinking Corpse "Lily"--World's Largest Flower
• The Stinkiest & Largest Arum On Earth
• The Stinkiest Arum At Quail Botanical Gardens

• Living Stromatolites In Anza-Borrego Desert State Park

• A Theory For The Origin Of Vascular Plants

• Wayne's Word Hyperlinks About Symbiosis

T		Back To Alphabet Table

U		Back To Alphabet Table

V		Back To Alphabet Table

• Agaves With Viviparous Plantlets
• Ferns With Viviparous Plantlets
• Grasses With Viviparous Plantlets (Bublets)
• Mangroves With Viviparous Seeds
• Viviparous Animals That Bear Live Young
  

W		Back To Alphabet Table

• Dichotomous Key To The Hippo Staff
• Elaine Armstrong--Computer Graphics Artist
• History Of The WAYNE'S WORD Hippo Staff
• Portrait Of Mr. Wolffia (Editor) & Elaine Armstrong (Computer Artist)
• Portrait Of The WAYNE'S WORD Hippo Staff & Their Relatives
• Sarah's Wobbling Wheel Home Page
• Wayne P. Armstrong's Bibliography Page
• Wayne P. Armstrong's Biography Page
• W.P. Armstrong's Page In Life Science Department, Palomar College
• WAYNE'S WORD History Crossword Puzzle

• Blowing In The Wind: Seed & Fruit Dispersal
• Plumose Styles Of Mt. Mahogany & Cliff Rose
• Winged Gourd Seed That Inspired Early Aircraft Design

• Edible Wolffia "Khai-Nam" in Thailand
• Wolffia globosa In Abeja Pond, San Marcos, CA
• Wolffia microscopica & Covid-19 Exponential Growth
• World's Smallest Flowering Plants
• World's Smallest Fruit

X		Back To Alphabet Table

Y		Back To Alphabet Table

Z		Back To Alphabet Table