Eastern Canada Sept-Oct 2017 Part 1

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Eastern Canada Sept-Oct 2017 Part 1

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Our Modest Accomodations On This Trip

Fairmont Le Château Frontenac in Quebec City. Several times I got lost while attempting to find my room with manual staircases.

Holland America cruise ship ms Veendam at Bar Harbor, Maine. Photo taken from summit of Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park.

A Few Additional Images From Cadillac Mtn Before Bus Left Without Me

View from Cadillac Mtn, Acadia National Park. Some fascinating low-growing conifers.

Jack pine (Pinus banksiana), a native pine of the northeastern US and Canada with serotinous seed cones that remain tightly closed on the branches for decades and open during the heat from fire. Like its close relative the lodgpole pine (Pinus contorta) of the western US and Canada, it reseeds after forest fires. Although I was familiar with jack pine, I never saw it in the wild. Fire-adapted cone-bearing trees was part of my graduate research at California State University, Los Angeles. In fact, my major professor was Dr. Richard J. Vogl, a prominent fire ecologist from the University of Wisconsin who had a huge impact on the direction of my life. I actually took these photos in Canada at a roadside bus stop northeast of Ottawa prior to traveling south on our cruise ship to Bar Harbor, Maine and Acadia National Park.

Acadia National Park has a variety of interesting cone-bearing trees, a few of which I had never seen before in the wild. Unfortunately, I didn't have time to photograph all of them and still make it back to my cruise ship by its departure time. I simply must return to this lovely place. Conifers include the following species. Pines: White pine (Pinus strobus), red pine (P. resinosa), pitch pine (P. rigida), and jack pine (P. banksiana). During the days of masted sailing ships, pine pitch was used as a caulking material to make the ships seaworthy. The settlement of North America was partially due to England's desire to rid herself of dependence on Scandinavian sources of resin, since the pitch was used to caulk ships and waterproof the rigging. Larch: Eastern larch or tamarack (Larix laricina). Spruce: Black spruce (Picea mariana), red spruce (P. rubra), and white spruce (P. glauca). Hemlock: Northern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Fir: Balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Arborvitae: White cedar (Thuja occidentalis).

When it comes to cone-bearing trees, I don't want to sell California short. Take a look at just the native pines we have in following image:

Twenty (18 depending on latest reference) of the more than 100 species of Pinus on earth. All of these pines are native to the state of California. 1. Monterey Pine (P. radiata), 2. Bishop Pine (P. muricata), 3. Santa Cruz Island Pine (P. remorata), 4. Whitebark Pine (P. albicaulis), 5. Limber Pine (P. flexilis), 6. Beach Pine (P. contorta), 7. Lodgepole Pine (P. murrayana), 8. Western White Pine (P. monticola), 9. Knobcone Pine (P. attenuata), 10. Bristlecone Pine (P. longaeva), 11. Foxtail Pine (P. balfouriana), 12. Four-Leaf Pinyon (P. quadrifolia), 13. Two-Leaf Pinyon (P. edulis), 14. One-Leaf Pinyon (P. monophylla), 15. Ponderosa Pine (P. ponderosa), 16. Coulter Pine (P. coulteri), 17. Digger Pine (P. sabiniana), 18. Torrey Pine (P. torreyana), 19. Jeffrey Pine (P. jeffreyi), 20. Sugar Pine (P. lambertiana). Note: This image is scanned from a Kodachrome 35mm color transparency taken in 1974. Taxonomic changes have been made on some of these species.

Mountain ash (Sorbus americana) at the summit of Cadillac Mtn, Acadia National Park.

Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) at the summit of Cadillac Mtn, Acadia National Park. There are many species of Ilex on this planet. One of my favorites is the South American Ilex paraguariensis, souce of Yerba Mate!

An apple-green rock lichen on boulders of Cadillac Mtn. It is called "map lichen" (Rhizocarpon geographicum) because the shape of colonies on large boulders often resemble contintents on a map. This lichen is common in the Sierra Nevada of California.